Chickenpox and shingles.
Chickenpox and shingles
Understanding that chickenpox and shingles have the same cause
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the same virus called varicella-zoster herpesvirus. Chickenpox is the primary infection, whereas shingles is is awakening of the same virus sleeping at the root of nerves in the body after a chickenpox attack. Those who have never had chickenpox will not get shingles.
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Chickenpox.
Chickenpox is a highly contagious endemic infectious disease characterized by an erythematous-vesicular rash (rash, pimple, vesicles, etc). It affects mostly children between the ages of two and 15 and provides permanent immunity (chickenpox is usually not present twice and chickenpox is not present twice). More than 90% of adults have had chickenpox in childhood.
Chickenpox, a common eruptive childhood disease in a temperate environment, sometimes affects adults in tropical environments later in life, where it is also characterized by its very high contagiousness, thus exposing pregnant women and fetuses. It reflects primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus or VZV, a virus of the Herpesviridae family.
Transmission
The contagion is often direct.
— The virus is believed to enter the body through the respiratory tract, reaching the lymph nodes to multiply there, and then spread after the incubation period, into the throat and skin.
— The virus is present in the nose and throat before the eruption and in vesicles during the eruption. Contagiousness begins between one and two days before the rash and continues during the onset phase of the rash.
— The patient is contagious (via droplets of saliva) for a period of 1 to 5 days before the appearance of the pimples until the pimples dry out, i.e. a period of 5 to 7 days after the eruption.
—Across the placenta and may give birth defects.
NB:. The later forms are significantly more severe.
Symptoms
Typically, incubation is silent and takes 14 to 15 days. The invasion is brief, about 24 hours, and no symptoms are apparent. One general malaise and low-grade fever (about 38°) may occur a few hours before the rash. This rash includes: Small macules (pinkies on white skin) first appear. They will quickly become covered with dew-droplet vesicles, which will dry out and form a crust within three days. Transient hypopigmented lesions or scars may remain. Typically, these lesions first appear on the scalp, then on the chest and mucous membranes, then on the limbs, with respect to the palmoplantar regions, and finally on the face. The different series of lesions staggered in time mean that the different types of lesions coexist throughout the body. The extent of the eruption varies greatly from person to person. Other symptoms may include difficulty in feeding because blisters sometimes form in the mouth, severe itching (pruritus), and in some cases severe cough. Flu-like symptoms may occur, including headache, abdominal pain, and a general feeling of tiredness3 and sometimes even conjunctivitis. In Africa we are used to chickenpox and shingles and the disease is quickly identified without any risk of confusion.
Treatment
—Like many viruses, modern medicine has little to offer, and African remedies must be used.
—Calm the itching with simple products (powdering with green clay or kalaba, etc.)
—Drink a decoction of Lannea acida root.
—Coat the body covered with buttons, with green leaves sprayed with ximenia americana, soaked in goat's milk.
— During the eruptive phase, it is important to avoid the child scratching (cutting the nails to the arm, or even use of mittens in small children), as this can cause permanent unsightly skin scars.
—It is also important to avoid prolonged contact with water (water promotes maceration and thus the risk of superinfection) and favor showers over baths. Avoid cream and ointment, which may increase the risk of secondary infection.
—Inform the entourage of the case. Give plenty of water.
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—Avoid contact with immunocompromised people, pregnant women and adults who were not infected when they were children, and older people who have been infected in the past (shingles risk).
Vaccination
The vaccine has not yet been proven to work. Some well-vaccinated people have had an attack of chickenpox but a mild attack. This tells us that there is no risk of getting vaccinated, and prevention is better than cure. Let every father think about protecting his family by vaccinating his children who have not yet had a chickenpox attack.
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